Magnesium is an abundant metallic chemical element which has a number of industrial applications in addition to being vital for many living organisms, including humans. Its atomic number is 12, and the element is identified with the symbol Mg on the periodic table of elements. It is classified as an alkaline earth element, along with calcium and barium, among others. One of the more distinctive uses of magnesium is a source of illumination, since it burns bright white when ignited.
Sir Humphry Davy is generally credited with the discovery of magnesium, in 1808. It has been suspected that Davy actually discovered an oxide of the metal, ultimately inferring the existence of the element, but in either case the element was being readily extracted by the mid 1800s. One form, epsom salts, had already been used since the 17th century, and it continues to be readily available as a bath soak. Milk of magnesia, another popular remedy, also contains magnesium.
In nature, this element is always found in compounds with other substances, since it is reactive and it will readily blend with a wide variety of things. Seawater is an excellent source of magnesium, since the element is found in high concentrations there. A number of companies extract the element from seawater for a range of industrial uses. When isolated, it is a silvery white, extremely light metal. In elemental form, magnesium is essentially nontoxic, although shavings or dust are potentially explosive. When heated, it can spark toxic reactions, so facial protection should be used when working with hot magnesium.
Although magnesium is extremely light, it is also very strong. This makes it highly suitable for alloys, especially in the aerospace industry. Some high end automotives also use these alloys, since the metal can lighten the overall weight of a car, making it faster and more efficient. Magnesium is also used in illumination instruments. Some chemistry teachers like to set the shavings on fire to demonstrate the brilliant explosive qualities of the element for students.
In the human body, magnesium is among the top five most abundant elements. Approximately half in the body is concentrated in the bone, and the element contributes to a number of vital biochemical reactions. Generally, a healthy diet supplies enough of this mineral. An excess will lead to diarrhea, while a deficiency will cause neuromuscular problems. Leafy green vegetables happen to be a great source, along with other vital minerals.
By Mary McMahon
Ever since she began contributing to the site several years ago, Mary has embraced the exciting challenge of being a All The Science researcher and writer. Mary has a liberal arts degree from Goddard College and spends her free time reading, cooking, and exploring the great outdoors.